Mining without digging: Liquid metal tin turns desalination brine into a magnesium resource

Executive Briefing & Key Highlights

Water scarcity is becoming increasingly serious worldwide as population growth and climate change increase demand for freshwater. Seawater desalination is therefore attracting growing attention, especially in arid regions. However, desalination plants also generate large volumes of highly concentrated brine. Globally, roughly 50 trillion liters (13 trillion gallons) of brine are produced every yea